ABC OF FIRST AID

Hemorrhage

Definition: It is loss of Blood from blood vessel.

Types:

According to vessel                         Site                        Time

Arterial                                            External               Primary

Venous                                            Internal                Secondary

Capillary                                                                     Mixed

Symptoms

               

                                Of in arterial hemorrhage the color of blood is red.

                                In Venous – The color of blood is reddish bluer.

External               You can see the bleeding

Internal                It is in the cavity may be in chest, head or abdomen.

Mix                        The bleeding is in the cavity but it is also seeing in nose, ear, eye, vomit, urine.

Primary                As soon as the accident occurs.

Secondary           Within 24 hours of accident symptoms.

                             Patient is pale, Giddiness, Anxious, Skin is cold

First Aid:

•          Assure for patient

•          Apply ICE or cold water on site

•          Apply pressure dressing and firm bandage.

Tourniquet

•          Apply on distal site.

•          Put some cloth on skin.

•          Apply pressure and reduce the pressure.

•          Tell the patient to take deep breathing.

•          Give head low position.

Air Wary Management

•          Oxygen is required for blood purification

•          The normal rate of respiration is 22 to 24 per minute.

•          Respiration is measured by the movement of chest and abdomen

How air way is blocked?

•          When patient vomits

•          When there is pressure on back chest or throat.

•          When respiratory center in the brain is affected

First Aid Measures:

•          Keep the patient in open air

•          Clean the mouth and nose

•          See the chest movement

•          Put the chin up

•          Keep the mouth open

•          Give pressure on chest

•          Give artificial respiration

•          See the color at tongue and nails.

Head Injury Symptoms

•          Patients is un-conscious or semi-conscious

•          Bleeding from nose, eyes, ears

•          Vomiting

First Aid

1.  Avoid unnecessary movement
2.  Support the head
3.  Cover the wound
4.  Keep the Air way open
5.  Support the neck

Fracture Definition

Loss of continuity in the bone and joints

Type

1. Simple Fracture - the bone is broken
2. Compound fracture - bond is broken and there is wound.
3. Complicated fracture – bone is broken there is wound and there is bleeding

      4.  Depressed fractures - the bone is depressed due to outside 

           Pressure or Trauma

Symptoms

1.  Swelling
2.  Pain
3.  Tenderness
4.  Loss of movement
5.  Patient in shock
6. First Aid :

1.  Assure the patient
2.  Keep the air way open
3.  Support the part with splint

 Minimum movement

Shock Definition

In shock blood and fluid volume in the body is reduced.

Causes

1.  Bleeding
2.  Fracture
3.  Wounds
4.  Fear

Symptoms

1.  Patient is pale
2.  Excessive sweating
3.  Pulse week
4.  Skin is cold
5.  Giddiness

First Aid

•           Keep the air way open

•           Assure the patient

•           Head low position

•           Keep the patient warm

Prevention:

1.  No mobile communication while driving.
2.  No alcohol while driving
3.  Sufficient rest before driving
4.  Life is valuable